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2961 HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER
2961
The UDN2961B and UDN2961W are 3.4 A half bridges designed specifically for driving solenoid printheads, stepper motors, and dc motors. The UDN2961B/W consists of a power source driver output, a power sink driver output, a flyback recovery diode, internal current sensing circuitry, and a user-selectable fixed off-time chopper circuit. The output drivers are capable of sustaining 45 V with continuous currents of 3.4 A and peak transient currents of 4 A permitted. The outputs have been optimized for a low output saturation voltage (typically 2.6 V total source plus sink drops at 3.4 A). For output current control, load current is sensed internally and limited by chopping the output driver(s) in a user-selectable fixed offtime PWM mode. The maximum output current is determined by the user's selection of a reference voltage. The MODE pin determines whether the current control circuitry will chop in a slow current-decay mode (only the source driver switching) or in a fast current-decay mode (source and sink switching). A user-selectable blanking window prevents false triggering of the current control circuitry during chopping. The UDN2961B is supplied in a 16-pin dual in-line plastic batwing package with a copper lead-frame and heat sinkable tabs for improved power dissipation capabilities. For higher power dissipation requirements, the UDN2961W is supplied in a 12-pin single in-line power tab package.
Data Sheet 29318.16*
HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER--WITH INTERNAL CURRENT SENSING AND CONTROL
UDN2961B
VREF IN INPUT GROUND GROUND ENABLE RC MODE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 VCC
CURRENTCONTROL LOGIC
V BB
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
SINK OUT EMITTER NC GROUND GROUND LOAD SUPPLY SOURCE OUT LOGIC SUPPLY
VBB
Dwg. PP-035
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage, VBB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 V Output Current, IOUT (continuous) . 3.4 A (tw 20 s, 10% duty cycle) . . 4.0 A Logic Supply Voltage, VCC . . . . . . . . . 7.0 V Input Voltage Range, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 V to +7.0 V Package Power Dissipation, PD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Graph Operating Temperature Range, TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20C to +85C Junction Temperature, TJ . . . . . . . +150C* Storage Temperature Range, TS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55C to +150C
Output current rating may be restricted to a value determined by system concerns and factors. These include: system duty cycle and timing, ambient temperature, and use of any heatsinking and/or forced cooling. For reliable operation, the specified maximum junction temperature should not be exceeded. * Fault conditions that produce excessive junction temperature will activate device thermal shutdown circuitry. These conditions can be tolerated, but should be avoided.
FEATURES
s s s s s s s s s 3.4 A, 45 V Source and Sink Drivers Internal Current Sensing User-Selectable Fixed Off-Time PWM Current Control Internal Flyback Diode Low Output Saturation Voltage Chip Enable Fast or Slow Current-Decay Modes Programmable Blanking Window Internal Thermal Shutdown Circuitry
Always order by complete part number:
Part Number Package UDN2961B UDN2961W 16-Pin DIP 12-Pin Power-Tab SIP
2961 HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER
10
ALLOWABLE PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION IN WATTS
R SUFFIX 'W', = 2.0C/W
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
+5 V V VCC R RC ONE SHOT S FLIPFLOP Q R
REF
JT
8
SUFFIX 'B', RJT = 6.0C/W
REF CIRCUIT
R CV
V
BB
2940
6
+ -
4
C
SUFFIX 'W', R
JA
V SENSE
= 38C/W
LOW TRIP
2
SUFFIX 'B', R
JA
MODE
= 43C/W
SOURCE OUT
0 25 50 75 100 TEMPERATURE IN C 125 150
Dwg. GP-032A
TSD
V
BB
ENABLE SINK OUT INPUT EMITTER
GROUND
Dwg. FP-019A
UDN2961W
V
BB
V
BB
CURRENTCONTROL LOGIC
V
CC
1
2
3
4
REF
5
CV
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
LOGIC SUPPLY
Dwg. PP-036
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 W Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 Copyright (c) 1995, 1996 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
LOAD SUPPLY
GROUND
SINK OUT
INPUT
EMITTER
ENABLE
MODE
RC
SOURCE OUT
V
R
2961 HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS at TA = +25C, VBB = 45 V, VCC = 4.75 V to 5.25 V, RCV = 2940 (unless otherwise noted).
Limits Characteristic Output Drivers Output Leakage Current ICEX VEN = 0.8 V, VSOURCE = 0 V VEN = 0.8 V, VSINK = 45 V Output Saturation Voltage VCE(SAT) Source Driver, IOUT = -3.4 A Source Driver, IOUT = -3.0 A Sink Driver, IOUT = 3.4 A Sink Driver, IOUT = 3.0 A Output Sustaining Voltage Recovery Diode Leakage Current Recovery Diode Forward Voltage Motor Supply Current VCE(sus) IR VF I BB(on) I BB(off) Output Rise Time tr IOUT = 3.4 A, L = 3 mH VR = 45 V IF = 3.4 A VEN = 2.0 V, VIN = 0.8 V, No Load VEN = 0.8 V Source Driver, IOUT = -3.4 A Sink Driver, IOUT = 3.4 A Output Fall Time tf Source Driver, IOUT = -3.4 A Sink Driver, IOUT = 3.4 A Control Logic Logic Input Voltage VIN(1) VIN(0) Logic Input Current IIN(1) IIN(0) Reference Input Current Transconductance IREF I TRIP/VREF VIN = 5.0 V VIN = 0 V VREF = 5.0 V VREF = 1.0 V VREF = 3.2 V Logic Supply Current ICC VEN = 2.0 V, VIN = 0.8 V, No Load VEN = 0.8 V Turn On Delay tpd(on) Source Driver Sink Driver Turn Off Delay tpd(off) Source Driver Sink Driver Thermal Shutdown Temperature TJ 2.0 -- -- -- -- 0.9 0.9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.0 1.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- 165 -- 0.8 10 -1.0 50 1.1 1.1 160 15 600 600 2.0 2.0 -- V V A mA A A/V A/V mA mA ns ns s s C -- -- -- -- -- -- 45 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- <-1.0 <1.0 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.9 -- <1.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -100 100 2.2 -- 1.4 -- -- 100 2.0 70 2.5 600 600 600 600 A A V V V V V A V mA mA ns ns ns ns Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units
Negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the specified device terminal.
2961 HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
The UDN2961B/W is a high current half-bridge designed to drive a number of inductive loads such as printer solenoids, stepper motors, and dc motors. Load current is sensed internally and is controlled by pulse-width modulating (PWM) the output driver(s) in a fixed off-time, variablefrequency format. The peak current level is set by the user's selection of a reference voltage. A slow current-decay mode (chopping only the source driver) or a fast current-decay mode (chopping both the source and sink drivers) can be selected via the MODE pin.
REF CIRCUIT V BB
DRIVE CURRENT
+ -
V
RECIRCULATION (SLOW-DECAY MODE) SENSE RECIRCULATION (FAST-DECAY MODE)
V BB
PWM CURRENT CONTROL
A logic low on the MODE pin sets the current-control circuitry into the slow-decay mode. The RS flip-flop is set initially, and both the source driver and the sink driver are turned ON when the INPUT pin is at a logic low. As current in the load increases, it is sensed by the internal sense resistor until the sense voltage equals the trip voltage of the comparator. At this time, the flip-flop is reset and the source driver is turned OFF. Over the range of VREF = 0.8 V to 3.4 V, the output current trip point transfer function is a direct linear function of the reference voltage: ITRIP = VREF To ensure an accurate chop current level (10%), an external 2940 1% resistor (RCV) is used. The actual load current peak will be slightly higher than the trip point (especially for low-inductance loads) because of the internal logic and switching delays (typically 1.5 s). After the source driver turns OFF, the load current decays, circulating through an external ground clamp diode, the load, and the sink transistor. The source driver's OFF time (and therefore the magnitude of the current decrease) is determined by the one-shot's external RC timing components: tOFF = RC
I
TRIP
Dwg. EP-037
ENABLE
INPUT
MODE
RC LOAD CURRENT RC/2
Dwg. WP-015
within the range of 20 k to 100 k and 100 pF to 1000 pF. When the one-shot times out, the flip-flop is set again, the source driver is reenabled, and the load current again is allowed to rise to the set peak value and trip the comparator. This cycle repeats itself, maintaining the average load current at the desired level.
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
2961 HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER
A logic high on the MODE pin sets the current-control circuitry into the fast-decay mode. When the peak current threshold is detected, the flip-flop is reset and both the source driver and the sink driver turn OFF. Load current decays quickly through the external ground clamp diode, the load, and the internal flyback diode. In the fastdecay mode, the OFF time period is onehalf the time that is set by the external RC network for the slow-decay mode: tOFF = RC 2
MODE VREF 1 2 INPUT 3 2940 1% ENABLE 6 7 8 VCC 11 10 9 47 F 4 5
CURRENTCONTROL LOGIC
VBB
16 15 14 13 12 VBB
VBB
The amount of ripple current, when chopping in the fast-decay mode, is considerably higher than when chopping in the slow-decay mode. The frequency of the PWM current control is determined by the time required for the load current to reach the set peak threshold (a function of the load characteristics and VBB) plus the OFF time of the switching driver(s) (set by the external RC components). To prevent false resetting of the flipflop, due to switching transients and noise, a blanking time for the comparator can be set by the user where tB 3600 x C in the slow-decay mode or tB 2400 x C in the fast-decay mode. For C between 100 pF and 1000 pF, tB is in s.
C 1 2 INPUT 3
2940 1%
R V BB
+5 V
16 15 14
4 5 6 C 7 8
CURRENTCONTROL LOGIC
13 12 11 10 VCC 9
47 F
VBB
VBB
+5 V
R
Dwg. EP-038A
POWER CONSIDERATIONS
The UDN2961B/W outputs are optimized for low power dissipation. The sink driver has a maximum saturation voltage drop of only 1.4 V at 3.4 A, while the source driver has a 2.2 V drop at -3.4 A. Device power dissipation is minimized in the slow-decay mode, as the chopping driver (the source driver) is ON for less than 50% of the chop period. When the source driver is OFF during a chop cycle, power is dissipated on chip only by the sink driver; the rest of the power is dissipated through the external ground clamp diode. In the fast-decay mode, the ON time of the chopping drivers (both the source driver and the sink driver) may be greater than 50%, and the power dissipation will be greater.
GENERAL
A logic low on the ENABLE pin prevents the source driver and the sink driver from turning ON, regardless of the state of the INPUT pin or the supply voltages. With the ENABLE pin high, a logic low on the INPUT pin turns ON the output drivers. To protect against inductive load voltage transients, an external ground clamp diode is required. A fast-recovery diode is recommended to reduce power dissipation in the UDN2961B/W. The blanking time prevents false triggering of the current sense comparator, which can be caused by the recovery current spike of the ground clamp diode when the chopping source driver turns ON.
2961 HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER
The load supply (V BB) should be well decoupled with a capacitor placed as close as possible to the device. The EMITTER pin should be connected to a high-current power ground. Thermal shutdown protection circuitry is activated and turns OFF both output drivers at a junction temperature of typically +165C. It is intended only to protect the device from catastrophic failures due to excessive junction temperatures and should not imply that output short circuits are permitted. The output drivers are re-enabled when the junction temperature cools down to approximately +145C.
MOTOR DRIVER APPLICATIONS
Two UDN2961B/Ws can be cross connected as shown to form a full-bridge driver circuit. Two full-bridge circuits are needed to drive a two-phase bipolar stepper motor. When in a full-bridge configuration, one INPUT signal must be logically inverted from the other INPUT signal to prevent the simultaneous conduction of a source driver from one half-bridge and the sink driver from the other half-bridge. In order to prevent crossover currents, a turn-ON delay time of 3 s is needed between the time an INPUT signal for one of the half bridges goes high and the INPUT signal for the other half bridge goes low. In addition to the two external ground clamp diodes, diodes in series with the load to the SINK OUT are needed in a full-bridge configuration. These series diodes prevent the sink drivers from conducting on the inverse mode, which can occur when the opposite half-bridge ground clamp diode is conducting and forces the sink driver collector below ground. If fast current decay is used (MODE = logic high) or pulse width modulation of the load-current direction is used, diodes in series with the load to the SOURCE OUT are needed. These series diodes prevent the SOURCE OUT from inverse conducting during the recirculation period and thereby prevent shoot-through currents from occuring as the drivers turn back ON.
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
2961 HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER
UDN2961B
Dimensions in Inches (controlling dimensions)
0.020 0.008
16
NOTE 4
9
0.430 0.280 0.240
MAX
0.300
BSC
1 0.070 0.045
0.100 0.775 0.735
BSC
8 0.005
MIN
0.210
MAX
0.015
MIN
0.150 0.115 0.022 0.014
Dwg. MA-001-17A in
Dimensions in Millimeters (for reference only)
0.508 0.204
16
NOTE 4
9
10.92 7.11 6.10
MAX
7.62
BSC
1 1.77 1.15
2.54 19.68 18.67
BSC
8 0.13
MIN
5.33
MAX
0.39
MIN
3.81 2.93 0.558 0.356
Dwg. MA-001-17A mm
NOTES: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Exact body and lead configuration at vendor's option within limits shown. Lead spacing tolerance is non-cumulative Lead thickness is measured at seating plane or below. Webbed lead frame. Leads 4, 5, 12, and 13 are internally one piece.
2961 HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER
UDN2961W
Dimensions in Inches (controlling dimensions)
1.260 1.240 0.020 0.775 0.765 0.245 0.225
0.180
MAX
0.055 0.045 0.155 o 0.145 0.135 0.100
0.140 0.365 0.570 0.540
INDEX AREA
0.290 MIN
1
0.065 0.035
0.030 0.020
12
0.100
0.010
0.023 0.018
0.080 0.070
Dwg. MP-007 in
NOTES: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Lead thickness is measured at seating plane or below. Lead spacing tolerance is non-cumulative Exact body and lead configuration at vendor's option within limits shown. Lead gauge plane is 0.030" below seating plane.
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
2961 HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER
UDN2961W
Dimensions in Millimeters (for reference only)
32.00 31.49 0.51 19.69 19.45 6.22 5.71
4.57
MAX
1.40 1.14 3.94 o 3.68 3.43 2.54
3.56 9.27 14.48 13.71
INDEX AREA
7.36 MIN
1
1.65 0.89
0.76 0.51
12
2.54
0.254
0.59 0.45
2.03 1.77
Dwg. MP-007 mm
NOTES: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Lead thickness is measured at seating plane or below. Lead spacing tolerance is non-cumulative Exact body and lead configuration at vendor's option within limits shown. Lead gauge plane is 0.762 mm below seating plane.
2961 HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER
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115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000
2961 HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER
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2961 HIGH-CURRENT HALF-BRIDGE PRINTHEAD/MOTOR DRIVER
MOTOR DRIVERS SELECTION GUIDE
Function Output Ratings * 2.0 A 10 mA 20 mA 20 mA 900 mA 400 mA 300 mA 900 mA 4.0 A 1.0 A 750 mA 1.5 A 750 mA 2.0 A 2.0 A 1.3 A 1.5 A 800 mA 650 mA 750 mA 1.8 A 1.25 A 1A 1.2 A 500 mA 800 mA 350 mA Part Number INTEGRATED CIRCUITS FOR BRUSHLESS DC MOTORS 3-Phase Controller/Drivers Hall-Effect Latched Sensors 2-Phase Hall-Effect Sensor/Controller Hall-Effect Complementary-Output Sensor 2-Phase Hall-Effect Sensor/Driver 2-Phase Hall-Effect Sensor/Driver Hall-Effect Complementary-Output Sensor/Driver 3-Phase Back-EMF Controller/Driver 3-Phase Controller/DMOS Driver 3-Phase Back-EMF Controller/Driver PWM Current-Controlled Dual Full Bridge PWM Current-Controlled Dual Full Bridges PWM Current-Controlled Dual Full Bridge Dual Full-Bridge Driver PWM Current-Controlled Full Bridge PWM Current-Controlled Full Bridge PWM Current-Controlled Microstepping Full Bridges PWM Current-Controlled Dual Full Bridge PWM Current-Controlled Dual Full Bridge PWM Current-Controlled Dual Full Bridge Unipolar Stepper-Motor Quad Driver Unipolar Stepper-Motor Translator/Driver Unipolar Stepper-Motor Quad Drivers Unipolar Microstepper-Motor Quad Driver Voice-Coil Motor Driver Voice-Coil Motor Driver Voice-Coil (and Spindle) Motor Driver * 45 V 24 V 25 V 25 V 14 V 26 V 60 V 14 V 14 V 7V 45 V 45 V 45 V 50 V 50 V 50 V 50 V 33 V 30 V 45 V 50 V 50 V 46 V 46 V 6V 16 V 7V 2936 and 2936-120 3175 and 3177 3235 3275 3625 3626 5275 8902-A 8925 8984 2916 2917 and 2918 2919 2998 3952 3953 3955 and 3957 3964 3966 and 3968 6219 2544 5804 7024 and 7029 7042 8932-A 8958 8984
INTEGRATED BRIDGE DRIVERS FOR DC AND BIPOLAR STEPPER MOTORS
OTHER INTEGRATED CIRCUIT & PMCM MOTOR DRIVERS
Current is maximum specified test condition, voltage is maximum rating. See specification for sustaining voltage limits or over-current protection voltage limits. Negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the output. Complete part number includes additional characters to indicate operating temperature range and package style.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the design of its products. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000

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